Park Ave Peptides — Clinical Reference Library — For Professional Use Only

Park Ave Peptides

Reference Bibliography

Research Library & Citations

27 peer-reviewed and regulatory references underlying compound entries across the Park Ave clinical library. Organized by therapeutic axis. DOI links open the publisher record.

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›Endocrinology — Incretin Family (GLP-1, GIP, Amylin)›Growth Hormone Axis (GHRH, GHRP, IGF-1 family)›Regenerative Medicine (BPC-157, TB-500, Thymosin)›Mitochondrial & Longevity (SS-31, MOTS-c, Epitalon)›Neuroscience (Selank, Semax, DSIP)›Dermatology & Cosmetic (GHK-Cu, Melanotan II)›Analytical Standards & Documentation

Therapeutic Axis

Endocrinology — Incretin Family (GLP-1, GIP, Amylin)

Foundational and contemporary literature referenced in compound entries across the incretin axis.

  1. 1.
    Drucker DJ. (2018). Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1. Cell Metabolism, 27(4):740–756. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.001
  2. 2.
    Nauck MA, Quast DR, Wefers J, Meier JJ. (2021). GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes — state-of-the-art. Molecular Metabolism, 46:101102. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101102
  3. 3.
    Frias JP, et al. (2021). Tirzepatide versus semaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 385:503–515. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2107519
  4. 4.
    Jastreboff AM, et al. (2022). Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 387:205–216. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2206038
  5. 5.
    Wilding JPH, et al. (2021). Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 384:989–1002. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
  6. 6.
    Müller TD, et al. (2019). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Molecular Metabolism, 30:72–130. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.010

Therapeutic Axis

Growth Hormone Axis (GHRH, GHRP, IGF-1 family)

Literature underlying mechanism and pharmacokinetics entries for the GH axis.

  1. 1.
    Sinha DK, et al. (2020). Beyond the androgen receptor: the role of growth hormone secretagogues. Translational Andrology and Urology, 9(Suppl 2):S149–S159. doi:10.21037/tau.2019.11.30
  2. 2.
    Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW. (2018). The safety and efficacy of growth hormone secretagogues. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 6(1):45–53. doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.02.004
  3. 3.
    Walker RF. (2006). Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency? Clinical Interventions in Aging, 1(4):307–308. doi:10.2147/ciia.2006.1.4.307
  4. 4.
    Teichman SL, et al. (2006). Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 91(3):799–805. doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1536
  5. 5.
    Ionescu M, Frohman LA. (2006). Pulsatile secretion of GH induced by continuous administration of GH-releasing hormone analog. JCEM, 91(12):4792–4797. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1702

Therapeutic Axis

Regenerative Medicine (BPC-157, TB-500, Thymosin)

Mechanism and applied research literature referenced across regenerative compound entries.

  1. 1.
    Sikiric P, et al. (2018). Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 24(18):1956–1964. doi:10.2174/1381612824666180712110447
  2. 2.
    Chang CH, Tsai WC, et al. (2014). The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing. Journal of Applied Physiology, 117(6):640–647. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00295.2014
  3. 3.
    Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. (2012). Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 12(1):37–51. doi:10.1517/14712598.2012.634793
  4. 4.
    Kleinman HK, Sosne G. (2016). Thymosin β4 promotes dermal healing. Vitamins and Hormones, 102:251–275. doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2016.04.005

Therapeutic Axis

Mitochondrial & Longevity (SS-31, MOTS-c, Epitalon)

Mechanism literature for the mitochondrial-targeted and longevity-associated compounds.

  1. 1.
    Szeto HH. (2014). First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent. British Journal of Pharmacology, 171(8):2029–2050. doi:10.1111/bph.12461
  2. 2.
    Lee C, et al. (2015). The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis. Cell Metabolism, 21(3):443–454. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009
  3. 3.
    Khavinson VKh, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA. (2003). Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 135(6):590–592. doi:10.1023/A:1025493705728

Therapeutic Axis

Neuroscience (Selank, Semax, DSIP)

Background literature for neuropeptide entries.

  1. 1.
    Kozlovskaya MM, et al. (2003). Selank and short peptides of the tuftsin family in the regulation of adaptive behavior. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 33(7):715–720. doi:10.1023/A:1024400520887
  2. 2.
    Asmarin IP, Nezavibatko VN, et al. (1997). Nootropic analog of adrenocorticotropin 4-10 — Semax. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 27(2):187–192. doi:10.1007/BF02462902
  3. 3.
    Graf MV, Kastin AJ. (1986). Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update. Peptides, 7(6):1165–1187. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(86)90148-2

Therapeutic Axis

Dermatology & Cosmetic (GHK-Cu, Melanotan II)

Mechanism literature for dermatology-axis entries.

  1. 1.
    Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. (2015). GHK peptide as a natural modulator of multiple cellular pathways in skin regeneration. BioMed Research International, 2015:648108. doi:10.1155/2015/648108
  2. 2.
    Dorr RT, Lines R, Levine N, et al. (1996). Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide. Life Sciences, 58(20):1777–1784. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(96)00160-9

Therapeutic Axis

Analytical Standards & Documentation

References underlying purity, identity, and endotoxin testing guidance.

  1. 1.
    United States Pharmacopeia. (2024). USP <1226> Verification of compendial procedures. USP-NF General Chapters
  2. 2.
    United States Pharmacopeia. (2024). USP <85> Bacterial endotoxins test. USP-NF General Chapters
  3. 3.
    ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. (2005). Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology Q2(R1). International Council for Harmonisation
  4. 4.
    FDA. (2021). Reviewer guidance: validation of chromatographic methods. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, CDER

Citation policy

Citations are selected from peer-reviewed journals and regulatory documentation per the editorial methodology. Industry whitepapers are referenced only for analytical or handling standards, never for clinical claims.

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